Hanlon's Razor
Never attribute to malice what can be explained by incompetence.
Explanation
When something bad happens, it's usually due to incompetence, lack of information, or honest mistakes rather than malicious intent. People are generally trying their best within their constraints. Assuming evil motives creates unnecessary conflict and prevents you from addressing the real problems—poor systems, lack of training, or miscommunication.
Real-World Example
Boss scheduled meeting during your vacation: Not sabotage—forgot you're away. Coworker's harsh code review: Not personal attack—they just communicate bluntly. Friend didn't invite you: Not exclusion—assumed you were busy or genuinely forgot. IT deployed breaking change: Not incompetence—tested in wrong environment.
How to Apply
When something negative happens, rank explanations: 1) Accident/mistake 2) Miscommunication 3) Different priorities 4) Lack of skill/knowledge 5) Actual malice (rare). Before reacting: Assume positive intent. Ask 'Help me understand...' instead of accusing. Consider their constraints. Most people are fighting battles you know nothing about.